What is the most likely diagnosis? 
              
- 85 year-old male with shortness of breath

                
                Frontal Chest Radiograph
              
                - Large left pleural effusion
- Atelectasis of left lung
- Left pneumonectomy
- Tension pneumothorax on right
- Thoracoplasty for TB
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                  Answer:
               
              
                5. Thoracoplasty for TB
                 
              
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              Thoracoplasty for TB
                  
              
              General Considerations
                  
              
              ·         Defined as a “remodeling or reshaping of  the thorax; especially, the operation of removing the ribs, so as to obliterate  the pleural cavity in cases of empyema”
              ·         Thoracoplasty was used from the early  1900’s through the late 1950’s as one of the more permanent forms of collapse  therapy for TB
              o       Frequently used as a last  resort in gravely ill patients
              ·         Collapse therapy was based, at least in  part, on the observation that healed tuberculous cavities were closed and not  open
              o       The therapies were directed  towards closing the cavities